Landfill isn't the default for rubbish. Most councils in the UK reprocess waste rather than dumping it. The investment in technology has been huge. I worked on the design of Greater Manchester's which at the time was the biggest in Europe (possibly the world) at half a billion quid. They are currently running at less than 2% of all civic waste going to landfill. Depending on the technology used, there can be a variety of end products. Biogas, solid fuels, fertilisers, etc. Obviously the rights and wrongs of these end products are debatable but it does mean landfill isn't the first stop for rubbish when your bins are emptied. There are still a few holdouts that don't want to invest in reprocessing (unsurprisingly these are often the more wealthy council areas) but I imagine they will eventually get priced out of dumping.